HURT

The instances of hurt within the Das family were very frequent.

The children were all hurt by the detachment their parent showed towards them.

Aunt Misra was hurt by her degradation to being considered someone else's left over, or garbage.

Aunt Misra was hurt by her efforts to restore a family being in vain.

Aunt Misra was hurt by her lack of beauty and by her lack of fertility.

Tara was hurt by the way her brother and sister were so close and considered her with disregard.

Tara was hurt by her dreams being considered inferior.

Bim was hurt by her being left to take care of everybody on her own.

Raja was hurt by his being rendered helpless by illness when he dreamed of being a hero.

Raja was hurt by his loss of the people in which he invested respect, admiration and love.

Bim was hurt by Raja's inconsideration for her sacrifices for him.

Bim was hurt everyone's decision to put themselves before her.

Bim was hurt by the letter Raja wrote to her, telling her she'd still pay rent.

Tara was hurt by Bim leaving her with the bees.

Tara was hurt by Bim's cruelty to make her cut off her hair.

Dr Biswas was hurt by Bim's cruelty to disregard and disrespect his feelings towards her.

Baba was hurt by Bim's act of anger, telling him he would move to like with Raja

Tara was hurt by the disintegration of her family.

The family was hurt by the loss of their cow

Baba was hurt by losing his old records.

Baba was hurt by any circumstance which caused him to be conscious of reality, like the journey to the office.

A commentary on the character 'Baba'

It is very difficult to have an opinion on the character 'Baba' within the novel 'Clear Light Of Day'. This is because of his being so very different from the typical other characters encountered. His development is significantly impacted by his slow nature, being 'retarded' from birth. He very rarely speaks, he rarely shows any signs of understanding, he displays an unnatural love for material things that others do not find noteworthy, and he has always remained the same. The diction with which the author, Anita Desai introduces Baba into the story, hints that his character is one of significance.
Anita Desai choses to bring out the description of the circumstances surrounding his birth. In Tara's view, it was stated the mother perhaps did not even like the new baby. The mother was unhealthy and the pregnancy had only forced her to challenge the qualities which a mother should have initially. That is, being caring, attentive, and pleasant. Through Baba, it was most clearly revealed that their mother did not have these qualities, further giving insight into how this family was run. Baba created the avenue through which the parents were revealed as failures, from even before his birth. He creates a possible link, in that, because of his lack of nurturing and caring from before his birth, he became a reflection of that is all that he lacked as a developing, and all that he lackes as a developed person.
On another point, it is significant to note certain characteristics both physical and personal. He had white hair and he was childish. His childish characteristic can be very easily backed, like is connection with a gramophone that he found, he playing with marbles, his fears and his incapability to really rely and take care of himself. His having white hair creates an image or impression of a great or supreme individual similarly their often mention his beauty. His comparison to a child brings into perspective the speech recorded in the bible where Jesus said, referring to children that 'of such is the kingdom of God'. Baba represents purity in all his actions and thoughts, he represents a true good within a family of resentment, anger, and disputes. His is the central character of purity, the availability of it, but the difficulty in claiming and understanding it.
Lastly, it is also noted that Baba never changes. Not only this, but almost ironically, he continuously does things like playing records from long long ago, even though they are scratched and old, and even in his grown age, he does not speak. How it is ironic is that his purpose, in this way, serves to, birng up the past. He contributes to the house remaining exactly as it always was, the environment and the atmosphere of the house remains the same partially because of Baba, but he provides a replay into the past, the very past which holds a strain on the family, a strain which is reflected and most evident in Bim, the only person with whom he lives. On the other hand, the age of the CDs their being muffled and scratched and needed to be thrown away also forms a symbol of the resentments and instances from the past that need to be thrown away.
In conclusion, his character is never really given a voice so that he can never influence the sides to be taken amongst his siblings or amongst the audience who formulates their own opinion. Baba's rold may be minor, and very silent, however the subject of Baba leads to controversial discussion, about the behaviours of his siblings with regards to him. His role is also very significant in other ways, such as him being the symbol of purity, as well as a physical representation of what is lacking within the family. He is a symbol of past, and the present, representing no change. These are all themes upon which the plot of 'Clear Light of Day' is based. This makes Baba's role one which is noteworthy. To miss the significance of Baba is essentially to miss the significance of the novel.

Pages 50-100

The deveolpment of the plot is quite masterful. All the realtionships within the family are touched upon, but thus far, the central character for this section appears to be Bim. It focuses on all the developments which seem to all happen so suddenly and how it is Bimla who then steps up as the binding character, almost a foundation attempting to keep everything balanced. Both their fateher and mother have died causing some amount of turmoil.
Within these pages one see's a development and change in Raja's character. He becomes so adjusted and settled in his ways of love for the culture and traditions of the Hyder Ali, that he assumes a new found confidence with it. Thus, when he falls ill, he is most taken aback by the prospect of losing his only tie to the culture he had grown to love, and the rebellion he was ready to show to the members of his own culture. The Hyder Ali was like the ideal father to him.
Tara has a shy aura and her difference from the others is revealed from the flashbacks to their childhood where her career of choice was to be a mother, in comparison to Bimla and Raja's choice to be a Heroine and hero. She begins to often go out, and it was from one such occasion that she brought, Bakul, her husbancd to be. In Bim's opinion he is very 'smooth' and boring, in his own opinion, he was taking Tara away from an environment of troubles.
Baba is shown to be very shy and in the journey to Hyder Ali's house, has found a new love in a gramophone and some old records. Things which, over time, will be the elements and only signs of his personality and presence or his whole existance.
Aunt MiraMasi has become degraded to the verge of insanity over time because of her worry from the loss the children's parents. She was on her own to control and maintain some form of stability but she felt the world crumble more, and a sense of failure and resentment about Baba's delicate situation, being disabled; Raja's insistance on something so very dangerous and life threatening and well as falling seriously ill, Tara being taken away and married off, Bimla's attending college, and her own aging. She was overwhelmed and felt small and so she felt some sort of satisfaction from turning to alcohol. She becomes so much of an addict, that it kills her.
Bimla has a very hard time with trying to take care of everybody as well as satisfy everybody. She find herself assuming the position of head of the home before she was ready. She had to put her college studies on hold and constantly tend to and look about everyone in the house. Miramasi becomes caught up in her own mind, Tara in Bakul, Raja about the Hyder Ali, that Bimla is forced to take the responsibility of family. When romance walks into her life in the form of dr Biswas, she is not welcoming and on the day of meeting his mother, and the discovery of Gahndi's death, she proves all his efforts in vain, running back to her home where she reassumes the only role she has grown to know, the guardian and servant of her household.

Video Analysis

Firstly, the video allows for an audience to have visual aid of all the aspects going on on stage. For example, the dressing style of the characters, even within their home, and he lack of money and or proper jobs, they upheld a business-like portrayal. Always dressed somewhat dignified, particularly Willy Loman, in his tie.

This scene is engulfed with emotions. Biff's character is calm and at peace with his decision to be away from the environment with his family. This is enhanced by portrayal in the video, elements like tone and expression where there for clarity. He has come to terms with the friction his presence brings as well as the chaos which reoccurs in his own life from being with them. Meanwhile in all the other scenes, the emotions of Willy and Biff were always subtly presented prior to this scene, but this is the scene where it is all brought forward bluntly. This is on the account of Biff. After making attempt with his father to leave on good terms, his father shows that he is still holding on to not only his dream for Biff, but also the past incident that he is convinced Biff is spiteful about. He shouts, in the video, and appears to be on the verge of breaking, his positions when relating to Biff and the eye contact he displays also add to an image that may not have been brought across as clearly in the play. Biff, on the other hand tries to make him understand that his mistakes have been made but time has passed and after they have been made, he has learnt from them and grown as a person. He tries to convince his father that he can see who he is, who he does not want to be, the truth of their family situation, as well as learnt to put the past behind him. Biff is no longer spiteful but he has become aware of the real world, and the frustration of falling victim to false ambitions and expectations is brought out in Biff's address to his father. The cry of his mother is heard, which adds more emotion, his action of hitting the desk, or the emotion and tone in his voice are elements that the play was not able to capture.

It is a very significant scene because it displays the difference of Biff to his other family members. In the flashbacks of Willy in previous times in the drama, Biff's character as a boy was always pampered. It was because the people around him could pin point that he was something special, that he was great and more outstanding. In my opinion, Willy presented him self as a certain type of person to his sons because of motivation from Biff. He saw in Biff, something he wanted, like true confidence and talent, for examples. Willy Loman's perspective of Biff was so high as a result that Biff was seen as a king in his eyes, particularly being his offspring. Biff was someone all his peers were proud of. However, the form in which Biff was intelligent presents itself in this scene of confrontation. Biff points out that they have not spoken the truth at any point in the house, he has identified his father's dream, and he has the intelligence to reason out why both him and his father have made the mistakes they made. Biff, however has opted to be out of a mentality of false hopes and instead, has opted to grow and be his true self in the world, something no other member of his family has been able to do. In this way, Biff was really outstanding, special and the most intelligent of his family.

Finally, the embrace between the father and son was most emotional. Biff cries for himself and who he has become, and he cries for his father and who he has become. The love between both characters are finally made evident in this scene, with the embrace they shared, and the peace which Willy Loman seems to have momentarily received, contrary to the jumpy character portrayed through the drama. The play was unable to reveal as much to the reader, but rather, left a little more room for the imagination to picture the scene. However, the intensity was effectively brought out in the video.

Did Willy Loman's family lead to his demise?

It is an agreeable and acknowledged fact that Willy Loman, in the modern drama 'Death of a Sailsman', is egotistical, unstable and consumed by riches all throughout his life. In the close of the drama, he dies a tragic death; committing suicide. His demise, however, or its cause is a bit harder to pin point. Though a challenge presents itself in seeking a source to blame, an in depth analysis has resulted in a perspective that his demise was caused by his own family.

The question as to whether the family he made lead to his demise caused many questions to arise. The statement can be backed up with evidence from the text and plot. Instances such as having to beg Charley for money, or having to work even in old age as well as his constant delusions and relationship with Ben and the past can be traced to his family situation being the cause. As stated before, he is consumed by riches. Yet he had to give up his only dream and ambition of getting rich because he had the desire to stay with his family. His flashback to the scene where Ben invited him to Africa to pursue the dream signifies that it had some significance, and the relationship he maintained with Ben as a ghost and the way Willy respected him and imagined him as a well kept and 'real' man shows his longing. He tells his brother Ben in the flashback that he'll make his riches right where he is in America, but it evidently eats him out that his opportunity to become this dream seems to not re-present itself. Working for the upkeep of his family at a low wages causes does press his mind and after all of this, he is having to resort to a degrading alternative of begging for money.

Another characteristic of Willy Loman was 'egotistical'. In the author's presentation of Willy Loman, he can be viewed as a man who has struggled with identity. Linda, his wife has a lot of love for him, but she has confined herself to a clingy character, who was always there for Willy and sat on the back bench so that she would give him the opportunity of feeling like he was a man of power. When he slipped up, or made mistakes she was always quick to stand up for him and protect him from the hard truth. It was she who filled his head with the compliments and statements which were never completely honest so as to spare him all the embarrassment she knew he was facing inside. He took advantage of this, becoming egotistical and wanting so badly to believe he was as Linda saw him. ally, this ties into another point.

Finally, Another characteristic mentioned is 'unstable'. His having to work in old age and then beg for money, his bitterness and resulting instability were in response to his family situation. His sons were not making any money or valuable contribution to the up-keeping of the household which, in itself, forced Willy to have to keep working, being the only souce of revenue. The work he was doing was tiring for an old man, but he had no choice to persist. Biff, his favourite child has an immense amount of rebellion and resentment towards him, and his life was spoiled because of it. This must have been dismal for Willy, after coming from nothing yet putting his all into Biff, his first son. Both his sons had a lack of ambition, creating another aspect which weighed on Willy's mind evidently, seeming to search through his past constantly, for where he became a failure as a parent, or what he did wrong as a father, this would have been particularly depressing since he grew up without a father and he passed up the opportunity to be like the one man he truly respected and considered prototype, Ben. A strong argument is that his official, successful attempt at suicide came after Biff confronted him.

All of these characteristics were worsened by his family and ended up driving him 'up the wall' in layman terms. All of the actions which made him delusional and even his resulting attempt at suicide had a basic element relating to his family. Though Willy is, no doubt at fault for his own demise, his family was a major element in pushing him over the edge. Willy Loman is a tragic character, what's even more tragic, is his end, and all the causes of his demise, particularly his family.

Tragic Characters? Or no?

Can Willy Loman and King Lear be seen as tragic characters. Defend your argument.

Both the stories of Death of a Sailsman as well as King Lear are very complex yet neatly plotted. The main characters; Willy Loman and King Lear; are even more so. There is evidently a lot of time invested into the development and characterization of these men. Though both men only exist in fiction, their stories are very well related into the real world, historical and modern. The question is raised, however as to whether or not these two characters can be seen as tragic. The question raises many thought provoking ideas in my mind, however my conclusion is carefully drawn.

Willy Loman takes a different stance that King Lear does. He exists in the modern society as an average man. His life is centered around accomplishing a name for himself and his family. His vision in accomplishing this only involves easy money and women. For him, this was the ideal life, and he endeavoured to walk so much in the footsteps of his father and brother. His father was a man who was always on the go, and so he never knew him, rather than taking the point of view that he was abandoned by him, his purpose was worthwhile. Just as he judged his brother's purpose for having no family and never settling down is 'worthwhile'. His vision was blurred with the vision of whatever was materialistic, that was the true success of a man, not character, personality or being hard working. Living his life in this way, he became preoccupied in the downs of his current situation, developing a nasty attitude towards his wife, at his workplace, to his children and to himself. He became suicidal and bitter, residing in the past and unable to identify with the instances of his reality.Willy Loman lost sight of things like love, family, and a real sense of accomplishment. Though this state brought him closer to having a breakthrough to the truth and the value of identity, though he was able to come close to his sons and die with the love of a loyal wife, he was indeed a tragic character for he died with nothing. His death was suicidal and unnecessary. Though his son had opened his mind to the truth and the value of identity, he was old and set in his ways. His life's work for easy money and the words of his dead brother lead him to his death. He died as a man who was still attached in the wrong dream, a dream that walked all over him his whole life, and he could not understand the truth which his son, in whom he invested so much praise, tried to show him. His family and life came to pieces because of being stubborn, naive, bitter, and most of all, blind. He died in the same state.

King Lear's fictional story took a lot of different turns. The events that occurs through his life caused a growth in his character. He exists in an Elizabethan society, one which most people cannot relate to. However his character is one who can be related to. The events included in the story depict his love of self, and love for flattery, his tantrums and his being stubborn are all part of what lead to his undoing. While Willy Loman was a man searching in vain for ways to reach to the top, King Lear was a man who had it all and wallowed in it. He was mindless of it however having more pleasure in the name of flattery than that which is materialistic. Though one can rightfully say that King Lear started off being a blind bat, and even a man who was stone mad, his character was not stagnant. He experienced development by the mistakes he made and became bitter, mad and then sober in the name of identifying his mistakes as mistakes, something Willy Loman was never able to do. King Lear became a man who learnt the art of seeing life's true worth, the art of identifying true character, love and wisdom. Though his mistakes lead to his end and his family and kingdom suffered tremendously as a result of his mistakes, his death had not been in vain, for a lesson was learnt not only in the audience, but whole heartedly by those around him, and him himself. He died with his virtuous daughter in his arms. My judgement of his character deems him not worthy of being called 'tragic.' He identified his lesson and repented.

Both writers of both characters took very unique approaches of bring out the stories of these two very different and very similar men. They both embarked upon a journey and path that taught them many of the flaws in the things they originally chose to believe in, however in Willy Loman's case, he was stagnant and his character did not mature. Even at his breaking point and climax, he still ended up pursuing the American dream, blindly, lacking an identity and a truth that would have helped to make him into a whole person; the man he was never able to be. King Lear on the other hand, took his lessons to heart. He spent much time in uncovering the truth that was being revealed to him as the days passed and more and more evils showed themselves. He was able to change his mindset and he became the whole person that he was not in the beginning. He was not blind and blissful in the end, but he gained wisdom, identity and a truth. One can perhaps draw a parallel in the lives of both these men, however one factor that will distinguish the two in my mind, is Willy Loman as a tragic character, and King Lear is not.

The Characters of Willy Loman and King Lear

The characters of Willy Loman and King Lear both share very dissimilar stories that come with a host of disssimilarities in their environment. For example, Willy Loman is a modern character, written in the Western world, in modern and plain English. King Lear was written in a European, Elizabethan society, by a renown poet. These are evident reflections in the two characters as they are analyzed.

Arthur Miller, the writer of Death of a Salesman composed Willy Loman in a way that he depicted an average man of average stature, and his attitude and driving force in modern times, in a world driven by money. He is somewhat of a family man, in that he has a family, but he is not very affectionate and has a problem in expressing love. He resides in a building which has little room for the things of luxury. He seeks advice from a brother who, to him, has reached the ultimate goal of life as a man, wealth. Ben is dead however and constantly seeking advice from him stirs up some trail of thought in the audience's mind that Willy may be crazy. He rebukes his favourite child, even speaks in contradictory ways, and his wife has uncovered his secret attempts at suicide. The writer allows for the audience to see into the mind of Willy Loman and uncover his story, identifying the sources and incidences that lead to his undoing. Belief in the wrong dreams and letting aspects like family fall apart because of preoccupation with achieving the dream the easy way.

King Lear was much different. King Lear had all the luxuries he could ask for, abundance of ealth and space to call his very own, a title in his entire country of supreme power. His family was seemingly well put together and he has no problem in expressing affection and has very high expectations in it being expressed back to him. He seeks advice from a man who is 'below' him but has great value to the merit of wisdom and friendship. Quite contrary to Willy Loman, he very willingly gives up his power and wealth for the name of love. King Lear, however also does things that challenge the wellbeing of his mind. He too, rebukes his favourite child, casts out his source of advice, and in the end winds up carrying himself and speaking like one who has gone crazy. Shakespeare allows the audience to identify the sources and incidences that lead to his undoing through his external and present situations and a source to his inner thoughts are only through the devices of soliloquys. King Lear's undoing was a transformation which was also attributed to belief in the wrong dreams and letting aspects like family fall apart because of his preoccupation with this dream the easy way.

One major characteristic between the two is their 'dream'. For Willy Loman, it was the wealth that he would give up anything for. For King Lear it was flattery. What links the two, Willy Loman felt that the wealth and material things was what accompanied love that was worth anything; King Lear felt that the flattery was what accompanied love that was worth anything. In both incidences they lost sight of the love that proved to be of the best worth. For Willy, throughout the play one sees the journey of this man to aspire to heights of great wealth, For King Lear, the audience witnesses the journey of this man from his heights of great wealth to having nothing. In both cases, the writer very classically depicts a point of the true value of things like self worth, appreciation of others and of the things that really matter.